12: PTI Assignment 11

PTI Assignment 11: Chapter Review (Chapter 9) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 9 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. What Is the Purpose of the Components Required for Successful Communications, and What Are Various Sending and Receiving Devices?

Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information. Today, even the smallest computers and devices can communicate directly with one another, with hundreds of computers on a company network, or with millions of other computers.

For successful communications, you need the following:

• A sending device that initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information.

• A communications device that connects the sending device to a communications channel.

• A communications channel, or transmission media on which the data, instructions, or information travel.

• A communications device that connects the communications channel to a receiving device.

• A receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information.

Some devices that serve as sending devices and receiving devices are

(a) mainframe computers,

(b) servers,

(c) desktop computers,

(d) notebook computers,

(e) smart phones,

(f) Internet-enabled portable media players,

(g) handheld game consoles, and

(h) GPS receivers.

The communications channel consists of telephone and power lines, cable television and other underground lines, microwave stations, and satellites.

11: PTI Assignment 10

PTI Assignment 10: Chapter Review (Chapter 8) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 8 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. What is system software, and what are the two types of system software?

System software (or systems software) is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software.

The two types of system software :

a.       The operating system (prominent examples being z/OS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux), allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application software

b.      Utility software helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer

2. What are the functions of an operating system?

a.       Booting the computer

b.      Performs basic computer tasks eg managing the various peripheral devices eg mouse, keyboard

c.       Provides a user interface, e.g. command line, graphical user interface (GUI)

d.      Handles system resources such as computer's memory and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or peripheral devices

e.      Provides file management which refers to the way that the operating system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves data

10: PTI Assignment 9

PTI Assignment 9: Chapter Review (Chapter 7) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 7 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. How Are Storage Devices Different from Storage Media?

Storage device refers to the apparatus for recording computer data. Examples are the RAM, floppy drives, ZIP drives, and other disks drives. While, storage media are the materials on which data are written and stored or a devices that store application and user information. Examples are the floppy disks, optical discs, hard disks, etc.A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media.

9: PTI Assignment 8

PTI Assignment 8: Chapter Review (Chapter 6) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 6 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. What are the four types of output?

Output is data that has been processed into a useful form That is, computers process data (input) into information (output). The form of output varies, depending on the hardware and software being used and the requirements of the user. Monitors, traditional notebook computers, netbooks, Tablet PCs, portable media players, smart phones, digital cameras, and other mobile devices have screens that allow users to view documents, Web sites, e-mail messages, photos, videos, and movies. Many printers enable users to print color documents and photos. Through the computer’s speakers, headphones, or earbuds, users listen to sounds, music, and voice messages.

While working with a computer, a user encounters four basic types of output: text, graphics, audio, and video. Very often, a single form of output, such as a Web page, includes more than one of these types of output.

-Text: examples of output that primarily contain text are memos, letters, press releases, reports, classified advertisements, envelopes, mailing labels, and text messages. On the Web, users view and print many other types of text-based output. These include blogs, news and magazine articles, books, television show transcripts, stock quotes, speeches, and lectures.

-Graphics: many forms of output include graphics to enhance visual appeal and convey information. Business letters have logos. Reports include charts. Newsletters use drawings, clip art, and photos. Users print high-quality photos taken with a digital camera. Many Web sites use animated graphics, such as blinking icons, scrolling messages, or simulations.

-Audio: Users download their favorite songs from iTunes and listen to the music while working on the computer. Software such as games, encyclopedias, and simulations often have musical accompaniments for entertainment and audio clips, such as narrations and speeches, to enhance understanding. On the Web, users tune into radio and television stations and listen to audio clips, podcasts, or live broadcasts of interviews, talk shows, sporting events, news, music, and concerts. They also use the Internet to conduct real-time conversations with friends, coworkers, or family members, just as if they were speaking on the telephone.

-Video: as with audio, software and web sites often include video clips to enhance understanding. Vodcasts and video blogs, for example, add a video component to the traditional podcast and blog. Users watch a live or prerecorded news report, view a reply while attending a live sporting event, observe weather conditions, or enjoy a live performance of their favorite musician or musical group on a computer or mobile device. Instead of renting a movie, users can download movie content from a Web site for a fee and then watch the entire movie on a computer or mobile device. Attaching a video camera to the computer allows users to watch home movies on the computer. They also can attach a television’s antenna or cable to the computer and watch a television program on the computer screen.

8: PTI Assignment 7

PTI Assignment 7: Chapter Review (Chapter 5) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 5 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. What is input, and what are the differences among a program, a command, and a user response?

Input is any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer, to provide or give something to the computer, in other words the state or act of a computer or a component of computer or relevant device being accepting something from the user or from a device or from a software either automatically or manually.

A program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. It is a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task with a computer.

Programs respond to commands that a user issues. A command is an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action. Users issue commands by pressing keys on the keyboard, clicking a mouse button, speaking into a microphone, or touching an area on a screen.

A user response is an instruction a user issues by replying to a question displayed by a program. A response to the question instructs the program to perform certain actions.

7: PTI Assignment 6

PTI Assignment 6: Chapter Review (Chapter 4) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 4 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. How Are Various Styles of System Units on Desktop Computers, Notebook Computers, and Mobile Devices Different?

The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. System units are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. The case of the system unit, sometimes called the chassis, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage. All computers and mobile devices have a system unit . On desktop personal computers, the electronic components and most storage devices are part of the system unit. Other devices, such as the keyboard, mouse, microphone, monitor, printer, USB flash drive, scanner, Web cam, and speakers normally occupy space outside the system unit. An all-in-one desktop personal computer is an exception, which houses the monitor and the system unit in the same case. The trend is toward a smaller form factor, or size and shape, of the desktop personal computer system unit. On most notebook computers, including netbooks, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy the area on the top of the system unit, and the display attaches to the system unit by hinges. The location of the system unit on a Tablet PC varies, depending on the design of the Tablet PC. With the slate Tablet PC , which typically does not include a keyboard, the system unit is behind the display. On a convertible Tablet PC , by contrast, the system unit is positioned below a keyboard, providing functionality similar to a traditional notebook computer or netbook. The difference is the display attaches to the system unit with a swivel-type hinge, which enables a user to rotate the display and fold it down over the keyboard to look like a slate Tablet PC. The system unit on an Ultra-Mobile PC, a smart phone, and a PDA usually consumes the entire device. On these mobile computers and devices, the display often is built into the system unit. With game consoles, the input and output devices, such as controllers and a television, reside outside the system unit. On handheld game consoles, portable media players, and digital cameras, by contrast, the packaging around the system unit houses the input devices and display.

6: PTI Assignment 5

PTI Assignment 5: Chapter Review (Chapter 3) of textbook Discovering Computers

Lecturer: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc.

By: Veronica Ong (1701317660) of class 01PCT 

Task: Chapter Review of Chapter 3 from the Textbook Discovering Computers.

1. What are the four categories of application software?

Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. The major categories of application software are business software; graphics and multimedia software; home, personal, and educational software; and communications software.

2. What are the seven forms through which software is available?

Application software is available in a variety of forms. Packaged software is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a variety of users. Custom software performs functions specific to a business or industry. A web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Open source software is provided for use, modification, and redistribution. Shareware is a copyrighted software that is distributed free for a trial period. Freeware is copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software. Public-domain software is free software donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions.

3. How do the Operating System and Utility Programs work with application software?

To use application software, your computer must be running system software, specifically an operating system. The system software serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware. Each time you start a computer, the operating system is loaded (copied) from the computer’s hard disk into memory. Once loaded, it coordinates all the computer’s activities, including starting application software and transferring data among input/output devices and memory. A utility program is a type of system software that assists users with controlling or maintaining the operations of a computer, its devices, or its software.